Kingdom: Plantae

Phylum: Magnoliophyta -- flowering plants

Class: Magnoliopsida -- Dicotyledons

Order: Asterales

Family: Asteraceae (Compositae) -- sunflower

Common Name: Palouse goldenweed, smallhead goldenweed

Species Code: HALI2, PYLI

Origin: Endemic to grasslands of the Palouse region of southeast Washington and adjacent north Idaho.

Rare: ranked G2 (imperiled) globally and S2 (imperiled) in both Washington and Idaho. Considered a "species of concern" federally under the Endangered Species Act.

Form: forb, perennial from a caudex; stems 30-70 cm tall, decumbent at the base, simple or more often branched, villous throughout.

Duration: perennial

Longevity: moderate lifespan

Habitat Type: prairie

Wetland Indicator Status: not listed

Leaves: entire or coarsely toothed, scabrous margined; basal leaves 7-25 cm long and 10-30 mm wide, tufted, petiolate, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic; cauline leaves somewhat reduced and sessile upward.

Mature height: 12-28 inches

Flowers: several to numerous; disc 2 cm wide; involucre turbinate to campanulate, 10-16 mm tall, villous, bracts acute, subequal or imbricate; ray flowers 13-21, pistillate or neutral, yellow, 6-10 mm long; disc flowers perfect, 7-10 mm long, yellow.

Flower color: yellow

Bloom: July, August

Bloom starts on: mid July

Bloom ends on: late August

Fruit: achene, fusiform, compressed, 5-6 mm long, brown; pappus of brownish unequal capillary bristles.

Characteristics:
Hoorebekia racemosa in Piper & Beattie 1914.
Reproduces sexually by seed.
161,740 seeds/lb (USDA NRCS Pullman PMC 2005).
Taprooted.
Perennating organ is a caudex.
Bumblebees, small bees and wasps, orange skippers, and rove beetles visit the flowers but it is not known how effective each is in pollination (Mancuso 1997).
Disc flowers are perfect, ray flowers are pistillate or neutral.
2n=36 (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993).
Fruit is an achene.
Seeds are dispersed by wind.

Sun requirement: full

Soil moisture: mesic

Precipitation: 18-22 inches

Sowing time: fall

Transplant time: spring

Stratification: none

Seed yield: medium

Seed harvest: August, September

Seed first harvest: second season

Seed cleaning: medium

Planting duration: moderate

Seed insect problem: yes

Seed shatter: high

Seed size: medium

Seed harvest date: August, September

Seed comments: seed ripening is indeterminate and ripe seeds are dispersed by wind.

Herbaria: Specimen data and digital resources from The Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria

Key words: rare upland native perennial forb

Propagation:
1 protocol in the Native Plant Network
Pullman WA Plant Materials Center

Other propagation information:
Seeds of other Haplopappus species germinate without pretreatment (Young & Young 1986).
Reproduces sexually by seed.

Notes: Haplopappus liatriformis flowers are more attractive than H. carthamoides. Blooms late in the season. Individual plants are rather spindly, but it looks better in groups. Seems to be short-lived. This is a rare species endemic only to the Palouse Prairie. It occurs nowhere else in the world. Do not collect seed or plants. Other names include Palouse goldenweed, Pyrrocoma liatriformis (Skinner et al 2005).

References:
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 7+ vols. New York and Oxford. Oxford University Press. Online at http://www.fna.org/FNA/

Mancuso, Michael. 1997. Palouse Goldenweed (Haplopappus liatriformis) Monitoring at Craig Mountain, Idaho. Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Online at http://www2.state.id.us/fishgame/info/cdc/cdc_pdf/hapli96.pdf

Piper, C.V., and R.K. Beattie. 1914. The Flora of Southeastern Washington and Adjacent Idaho. Lancaster, PA: Press of the New Era Printing Company. 296 pp.

Skinner, David M., Paul Warnick, Bill French, and Mary Fauci. 2005. More Palouse Forbs for Landscaping. USDA NRCS Pullman Plant Materials Center and Palouse Prairie Foundation. Online at http://www.wsu.edu/pmc_nrcs/Docs/More_Forbs_for_Landscaping.pdf

USDA NRCS, Pullman Plant Materials Center. 2005. Seed Weights of Some Palouse Native Species. Pullman Plant Materials Center, Pullman, Washington. Online at http://www.wsu.edu/~pmc_nrcs/Docs/Seed_Weights_Palouse_Native_Species.pdf

USDA NRCS. 2009. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 21 September 2009). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Young, James A., and Cheryl G. Young. 1986. Collecting, Processing and Germinating Seeds of Wildland Plants. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

Links:
Plant Profile from the USDA PLANTS Database
Species description from Flora of North America
Species information from the University of Washington Herbarium
Fact sheet from the Washington Natural Heritage Program Field Guide to Selected Rare Plants of Washington