Plant Species: Hieracium albiflorum, white-flowered hawkweed
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Magnoliophyta -- flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida -- dicots
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae (Compositae) -- sunflower
Genus: Hieracium
Species: albiflorum
Common Name: white-flowered hawkweed, white hawkweed.
Species Code: HIAL2
Origin: Native to partly shady places in open coniferous forests of western North America.
Rare: no
Form: forb, perennial, 30-120 cm tall; stems long-hairy at the base, becoming glabrous upward.
Duration: perennial
Longevity: medium lifespan
Habitat Type: forest
Wetland Indicator Status: not listed
Leaves: sparsely to moderately long-hairy; margins entire or wavy-denticulate; basal and lower leaves tufted, 4-17 cm long, short petiolate; middle and upper leaves sessile, reduced.
Mature height:
Flowers: heads several to many, borne on slender peduncles in an open inflorescence; involucre narrow, blackish-green, 6-11 mm high; flowers all ligulate and perfect, white.
Flower color: white
Bloom: June, July, August
Bloom starts on: mid June
Bloom ends on: early August
Fruit: achene
Vegetation type:
Characteristics:
2,250,000 seeds/lb (USDA NRCS PLANTS Database 2009).
Reproduces sexually by seed.
Perennating organ is a caudex.
2n=18 (Baldwin et al 2004, University of British Columbia 2003, Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993, CHECK VPPNW) !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.
Apomixis is know in the genus.
Flowers are all ligulate and perfect.
Flowers can be self fertilized (Reeves 2006).
Hieracium species which reproduce sexually are diploids (2n=18), while species which are apomictic are triploids (2n=27) (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993+).
Fruit is an achene.
2,250,000 seeds/lb (USDA NRCS PLANTS Database 2009).
Seeds are windborne.
A valuable forage for Rocky Mountain elk in summer, of minor value in fall (Kufeld 1979).
Comments:
Sun requirement: partial shade
Soil moisture: mesic
Precipitation: 10-30 inches (USDA NRCS PLANTS Database 2009).
Fire: Susceptible to fire because the crown is close to the surface of mineral soil (McLean 1969).
Some plants may survive moderate to low intesity fires. Colonizes burned areas from windborne seed (Reeves 2006).
Hazards:
Sowing time: fall
Transplant time: spring
Stratification: extended cold moist
Seed yield: low
Seed harvest: no information available
Seed first harvest: no information available
Seed cleaning: no information available
Planting duration: moderate
Seed insect problem: no information available
Seed shatter: high, windborne
Seed size: medium
Seed harvest date: no information available
Seed comments:
Key words: native upland perennial forb
Alternate Genus:
Alternate Species:
Alternate Variety:
Propagation:
Maximum germination is reached after 120 days of cold moist stratification. Germinates at low temperatures (McLean 1967).
90 days cold moist stratification at 1oC or fall sow. Germination is slow. (Rose et al 1998).
Fresh untreated seed germinates in the greenhouse in the fall. 2.5 months of cold dry storage reduced germination when sown untreated in a greenhouse the following spring (Romme et al 1995).
Notes:
References:
Baldwin, B.G., S. Boyd, B.J. Ertter, D.J. Keil, R.W. Patterson, T.J. Rosatti, and D.H. Wilken (eds). 2004. Jepson Online Interchange for California Floristics. University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, CA. Accessed 9/26/09 online at http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/interchange.html
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 7+ vols. New York and Oxford. Oxford University Press. Online at http://www.fna.org/FNA/
Hitchcock, C. Leo, Arthur Cronquist, Marion Ownbey, and J.W. Thompson. 1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press. Seattle, WA. 5 vol.
McLean, Alastair. 1967. Germination of Forest Range Species from British Columbia. Journal of Range Management 20:321-322.
McLean, Alastair. 1969. Fire resistance of forest species as influenced by root systems. Journal of Range Management 22:120-122.
Reeves, Sonja L. 2006. Hieracium albiflorum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2009, September 25].
Romme, William H., Laura Bohland, Cynthia Perischetty, and Tanya Caruso. 1995. Germination Ecology of Some Common Forest Herbs in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. Arctic and Alpine Research 27:407-412.
Rose, Robin, Caryn E.C. Chachulski, and Diane L. Haase. 1998. Propagation of Pacific Northwest Native Plants. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR.
USDA NRCS. 2009. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 26 September 2009). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
University of British Columbia. 2003. British Columbia Flora. University of British Columbia Botanical Garden and Centre for Plant Research. Online at http://www.bcflora.org/ Accessed 9/26/09.